Photo of Ichiro Kawachi,  MD, PhD

Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD

Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health

Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health
Phone: (617) 432-0235
Fax: (617) 432-3123


ikawachi@hsph.harvard.edu

Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD

Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health

EDUCATIONAL TITLES

  • John L. Loeb and Frances Lehman Loeb Professor of Social Epidemiology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health
  • Chair, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health

HCC PROGRAM AFFILIATION

Research Abstract

My research in cancer is focused in three areas: (a) understanding socioeconomic disparities in cancer incidence, survival, and access to screening and treatment; (b) investigating psychosocial factors influencing cancer incidence (for example, the role of social networks and job stress); and (c) studying the predictors of quality of life and functional status following breast and prostate cancer. Some of my studies utilize large national datasets (e.g., ongoing prospective cohort studies such as the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Followup Study). An additional interest of mine is international tobacco control.

Publications from Harvard Catalyst Profiles

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  • Watanabe Y, Abe K, Kawachi I. Does private equity acquisition impact the quality of care provided in US hospices? Soc Sci Med 2026; 397:119113. PubMed
  • Sato K, Takahara I, Kawachi I, Tabuchi T, Kondo N. Pro-tobacco legislative representation and current smoking: an individual-level panel study of older adults in Japan. Tobacco Control 2026. PubMed
  • Tai SY, Chi YC, Huang JJ, Chen YY, Kawachi I, Lu TH. Leading causes of death rankings among U.S. adolescents by race and ethnicity: A comparison of two classification schemes. SSM Popul Health 2025; 32:101884. PubMed
  • Terashima M, Nakayama K, Shirai S, Ugai S, Lee HY, Matsui H, Mizuno H, Tanaka S, Song M, Sasamoto N, Kawachi I, Giovannucci EL, Ugai T. Diverging global incidence trends of early-onset cancers: comparisons with incidence trends of later-onset cancers and mortality trends of early-onset cancers. Mil Med Res 2025; 12:79. PubMed
  • Watanabe K, Kawachi I, Zaitsu M. Occupational Disparities in Cancer Survival Among the Working Population in Japan: 10-Year Survival Analysis Using the Kanagawa Cancer Registry. Cancer Med 2025; 14:e71020. PubMed
  • Ha J, Kang H, Kawachi I, Hwang J, Cho SI. Prosociality and public support for tobacco control policies among South Korean adults: A cross-sectional study. SSM Popul Health 2025; 30:101809. PubMed
  • Terashima M, Nakayama K, Ugai S, Lee HY, Tsukumo Y, Suzuki E, Mizuno H, Song M, Sasamoto N, Kawachi I, Ugai T. Global Incidence Trend of Early-Onset Obesity-Related and Non-Obesity-Related Cancers. Curr Oncol 2025. PubMed
  • Lee Y, Kim S, Kim MK, Kawachi I, Oh J. Association between Tobacco Industry Interference Index (TIII) and MPOWER measures and adult daily smoking prevalence rate in 30 countries. Global Health 2024; 20:6. PubMed
  • Ando M, Yazawa A, Kawachi I. Socioeconomic disparities in mammography screening in the United States from 2012 to 2020. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116443. PubMed
  • Budhu JA, Chukwueke UN, Jackson S, Lee EQ, McFaline-Figueroa JR, Willmarth N, Dalmage M, Kawachi I, Arons D, Chang SM, Galanis E, Hervey-Jumper SL, Wen PY, Porter AB. Defining interventions and metrics to improve diversity in CNS clinical trial participation: a SNO and RANO effort. 2023. PubMed
  • Cullen MR, Lemeshow AR, Amaro S, Bandera EV, Cooper LA, Kawachi I, Lunyera J, McKinley L, Poss CS, Rottas MM, Schachterle SE, Thadeio PF, Russo LJ. A framework for setting enrollment goals to ensure participant diversity in sponsored clinical trials in the United States. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 129:107184. PubMed
  • Smith RW, Holt-Lunstad J, Kawachi I. Benchmarking social isolation, loneliness and smoking: challenges and opportunities for public health. Am J Epidemiol 2023. PubMed
  • Ugai T, Sasamoto N, Lee HY, Ando M, Song M, Tamimi RM, Kawachi I, Campbell PT, Giovannucci EL, Weiderpass E, Rebbeck TR, Ogino S. Is early-onset cancer an emerging global epidemic? Current evidence and future implications. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:656-673. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Takeuchi T, Zaitsu M, Tonooka A, Uekusa T, Miyake Y, Kobayashi Y, Kobashi G, Kawachi I. Occupational disparities in tumor grade and cytosolic HMGB1 expression in renal cell cancer. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12340. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Kobayashi Y, Myagmar-Ochir E, Takeuchi T, Kobashi G, Kawachi I. Occupational disparities in survival from common cancers in Japan: Analysis of Kanagawa cancer registry. 2022; 77:102115. PubMed
  • Shin DW, Park J, Yeob KE, Yoon SJ, Jang SN, Kim SY, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Disparities in prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survival among men with disabilities: Retrospective cohort study in South Korea. Disabil Health J 2021. PubMed
  • Thorgeirsson T, Torfadottir JE, Egilsson E, Oddsson S, Gunnarsdottir T, Aspelund T, Olafsdottir AS, Valdimarsdottir UA, Kawachi I, Adami HO, Bjarnason RG. Randomized Trial for Weight Loss Using a Digital Therapeutic Application. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021. PubMed
  • Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Zevon ES, Kawachi I, Tucker-Seeley RD, Kubzansky LD. Depression, smoking, and lung cancer risk over 24 years among women. 2020. PubMed
  • Kim HW, Shin DW, Yeob KE, Cho IY, Kim SY, Park SM, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Disparities in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer in Relation to Disabilities. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 11:e00242. PubMed
  • Lee HE, Kim EA, Zaitsu M, Kawachi I. Occupational disparities in survival in Korean women with cancer: a nationwide registry linkage study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039259. PubMed
  • Seo JY, Shin DW, Yu SJ, Jung JH, Han K, Cho IY, Kim SY, Choi KS, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Disparities in Liver Cancer Surveillance Among People With Disabilities: A National Database Study in Korea. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020. PubMed
  • Kwon J, Kim SY, Yeob KE, Han HS, Lee KH, Shin DW, Kim YY, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Differences in diagnosis, treatment, and survival rate of acute myeloid leukemia with or without disabilities: A national cohort study in the Republic of Korea. Cancer Med 2020. PubMed
  • Cuevas AG, Kawachi I, Ortiz K, Pena M, Reitzel LR, McNeill LH. Greater social cohesion is associated with lower body mass index among African American adults. Prev Med Rep 2020; 18:101098. PubMed
  • Kato D, Kataoka Y, Suwangto EG, Kaneko M, Wakabayashi H, Son D, Kawachi I. Reporting Guidelines for Community-Based Participatory Research Did Not Improve the Reporting Quality of Published Studies: A Systematic Review of Studies on Smoking Cessation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020. PubMed
  • Sato R, Fujiwara T, Kino S, Kawachi I. The association between father involvement in caregiving and early childhood overweight or obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020. PubMed
  • Shin DW, Yu J, Cho J, Lee SK, Jung JH, Han K, Kim SY, Yoo JE, Yeob KE, Kim YY, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Breast cancer screening disparities between women with and without disabilities: A national database study in South Korea. Cancer 2020; 126:1522-1529. PubMed
  • Sakai-Bizmark R, Richmond TK, Kawachi I, Elliott MN, Davies SL, Tortolero Emery S, Peskin M, Milliren CE, Schuster MA. School Social Capital and Tobacco Experimentation Among Adolescents: Evidence From a Cross-Classified Multilevel, Longitudinal Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:431-438. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Toyokawa S, Takeuchi T, Kobayashi Y, Kawachi I. Sex-specific analysis of renal cell carcinoma histology and survival in Japan: A population-based study 2004 to 2016. Health Sci Rep 2020; 3:e142. PubMed
  • Lee HE, Zaitsu M, Kim EA, Kawachi I. Cancer Incidence by Occupation in Korea: Longitudinal Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:41-49. PubMed
  • Lee HE, Zaitsu M, Kim EA, Kawachi I. Occupational Class and Cancer Survival in Korean Men: Follow-Up Study of Nation-Wide Working Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Lee HE, Lee S, Takeuchi T, Kobayashi Y, Kawachi I. Occupational disparities in bladder cancer survival: A population-based cancer registry study in Japan. Cancer Med 2019. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Takeuchi T, Kobayashi Y, Kawachi I. Light to moderate amount of lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of cancer in Japan. Cancer 2019. PubMed
  • Kim Y, Shin DW, Kim HW, Jung JH, Han K, Cho IY, Kim SY, Choi KS, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Disparities in gastric cancer screening among people with disabilities: a national registry-linkage study in South Korea. Gastric Cancer 2019. PubMed
  • Hayashi H, Tan ASL, Kawachi I, Ishikawa Y, Kondo K, Kondo N, Tsuboya T, Viswanath K. Interpersonal Diffusion of Health Information: Health Information Mavenism among People Age 65 and over in Japan. Health Commun 2019. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Kim Y, Lee HE, Takeuchi T, Kobayashi Y, Kawachi I. Occupational class differences in pancreatic cancer survival: A population-based cancer registry-based study in Japan. Cancer Med 2019. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Kaneko R, Takeuchi T, Sato Y, Kobayashi Y, Kawachi I. Occupational class and male cancer incidence: Nationwide, multicenter, hospital-based case-control study in Japan. Cancer Med 2019. PubMed
  • Sato K, Viswanath K, Hayashi H, Ishikawa Y, Kondo K, Shirai K, Kondo N, Nakagawa K, Kawachi I. Association between exposure to health information and mortality: Reduced mortality among women exposed to information via TV programs. Soc Sci Med 2019; 221:124-131. PubMed
  • Shin DW, Cho JH, Noh JM, Han H, Han K, Park SH, Kim SY, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Disparities in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer among People with Disabilities. J Thorac Oncol 2018. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Kaneko R, Takeuchi T, Sato Y, Kobayashi Y, Kawachi I. Occupational inequalities in female cancer incidence in Japan: Hospital-based matched case-control study with occupational class. SSM Popul Health 2018; 5:129-137. PubMed
  • Hayashi H, Tan A, Kawachi I, Minsky S, Viswanath K. Does Segmentation Really Work? Effectiveness of Matched Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packaging by Race, Gender and Chronic Disease Conditions on Cognitive Outcomes among Vulnerable Populations. J Health Commun 2018. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Cuevas AG, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Takeuchi T, Kobayashi Y, Kawachi I. Occupational class and risk of renal cell cancer. Health Sci Rep 2018; 1:e49. PubMed
  • Kino S, Kawachi I. The impact of ACA Medicaid expansion on socioeconomic inequality in health care services utilization. PLoS ONE 2018; 13:e0209935. PubMed
  • Zaitsu M, Kawachi I, Takeuchi T, Kobayashi Y. Alcohol consumption and risk of upper-tract urothelial cancer. 2017; 48:36-40. PubMed
  • Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Poole EM, Idahl A, Lundin E, Sood AK, Kawachi I, Kubzansky LD, Tworoger SS. The Association of Work Characteristics With Ovarian Cancer Risk and Mortality. Psychosom Med 2017. PubMed
  • Nishi A, Milner DA, Giovannucci EL, Nishihara R, Tan AS, Kawachi I, Ogino S. Integration of molecular pathology, epidemiology and social science for global precision medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015. PubMed
  • Bailey ZD, Williams DR, Kawachi I, Okechukwu CA. Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). Prev Med 2015; 81:380-6. PubMed
  • Dean LT, Subramanian SV, Williams DR, Armstrong K, Zubrinsky Charles C, Kawachi I. Getting Black Men to Undergo Prostate Cancer Screening: The Role of Social Capital. Am J Mens Health 2015. PubMed
  • Nishi A, Kawachi I, Koenen KC, Wu K, Nishihara R, Ogino S. Lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:116-9. PubMed
  • Dutra LM, Williams DR, Kawachi I, Okechukwu CA. Racial and non-racial discrimination and smoking status among South African adults 10 years after apartheid. Tobacco Control 2014. PubMed
  • John DA, Kawachi I, Lathan CS, Ayanian JZ. Disparities in perceived unmet need for supportive services among patients with lung cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. Cancer 2014; 120:3178-91. PubMed
  • Dutra LM, Kim SS, Williams DR, Kawachi I, Okechukwu CA. Worksite safety climate, smoking, and the use of protective equipment by blue-collar building workers enrolled in the MassBUILT smoking cessation trial. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:1082-7. PubMed
  • Halonen JI, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Stenholm S, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Vahtera J. Green and blue areas as predictors of overweight and obesity in an 8-year follow-up study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014. PubMed
  • Arcaya M, Glymour MM, Christakis NA, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV. Individual and spousal unemployment as predictors of smoking and drinking behavior. Soc Sci Med 2014; 110:89-95. PubMed
  • Rewak M, Buka S, Prescott J, De Vivo I, Loucks EB, Kawachi I, Non AL, Kubzansky LD. Race-related health disparities and biological aging: does rate of telomere shortening differ across blacks and whites? Biol Psychol 2014; 99C:92-9. PubMed
  • Dutra LM, Williams DR, Gupta J, Kawachi I, Okechukwu CA. Human rights violations and smoking status among South African adults enrolled in the South Africa Stress and Health (SASH) study. Soc Sci Med 2014; 105:103-11. PubMed
  • Dean L, Subramanian SV, Williams DR, Armstrong K, Charles CZ, Kawachi I. The role of social capital in African-American women's use of mammography. Soc Sci Med 2014; 104:148-56. PubMed
  • Duncan DT, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Aldstadt J, Melly SJ, Williams DR. Examination of how neighborhood definition influences measurements of youths' access to tobacco retailers: a methodological note on spatial misclassification. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:373-81. PubMed
  • Nandi A, Sweet E, Kawachi I, Heymann J, Galea S. Associations between macrolevel economic factors and weight distributions in low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel analysis of 200,000 adults in 40 countries. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:e162-71. PubMed
  • Richmond TK, Elliott MN, Franzini L, Kawachi I, Caughy MO, Gilliland MJ, Walls CE, Franklin FA, Lowry R, Banspach SW, Schuster MA. School programs and characteristics and their influence on student BMI: findings from healthy passages. PLoS ONE 2014; 9:e83254. PubMed
  • Kobayashi T, Suzuki E, Oksanen T, Kawachi I, Takao S. The bright side and dark side of workplace social capital: opposing effects of gender on overweight among Japanese employees. PLoS ONE 2014; 9:e88084. PubMed
  • Neuman M, Kawachi I, Gortmaker S, Subramanian S. National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries. PLoS ONE 2014; 9:e99327. PubMed
  • Heo J, Oh J, Subramanian SV, Kawachi I. Household and school-level influences on smoking behavior among Korean adolescents: a multilevel analysis. PLoS ONE 2014; 9:e98683. PubMed
  • Nishihara R, Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Lochhead P, Yamauchi M, Liao X, Imamura Y, Nosho K, Shima K, Kawachi I, Qian ZR, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Giovannucci E, Ogino S. A prospective study of duration of smoking cessation and colorectal cancer risk by epigenetics-related tumor classification. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:84-100. PubMed
  • Ikeda A, Kawachi I, Iso H, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Social support and cancer incidence and mortality: the JPHC study cohort II. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:847-60. PubMed
  • McClure CB, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Hauksdóttir A, Kawachi I. Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland. BMJ Open 2012. PubMed
  • Son M, Kim J, Oh J, Kawachi I. Inequalities in childhood cancer mortality according to parental socioeconomic position: A birth cohort study in South Korea. Soc Sci Med 2011; 72:108-15. PubMed
  • Datta GD, Kawachi I, Delpierre C, Lang T, Grosclaude P. Trends in Kaposi's Sarcoma Survival Disparities in the United States: 1980 through 2004. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2718-26. PubMed
  • Park EJ, Kim H, Kawachi I, Kim IH, Cho SI. Area deprivation, individual socioeconomic position and smoking among women in South Korea. Tobacco Control 2010; 19:383-90. PubMed
  • Kim D, Masyn KE, Kawachi I, Laden F, Colditz GA. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and behavioral pathways to risks of colon and rectal cancer in women. Cancer 2010; 116:4187-96. PubMed
  • Sapp AL, Kawachi I, Sorensen G, LaMontagne AD, Subramanian SV. Does workplace social capital buffer the effects of job stress? A cross-sectional, multilevel analysis of cigarette smoking among U.S. manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52:740-50. PubMed
  • Hill S, Sarfati D, Blakely T, Robson B, Purdie G, Dennett E, Cormack D, Dew K, Ayanian JZ, Kawachi I. Ethnicity and management of colon cancer in New Zealand: do indigenous patients get a worse deal? Cancer 2010; 116:3205-14. PubMed
  • Hill S, Sarfati D, Blakely T, Robson B, Purdie G, Chen J, Dennett E, Cormack D, Cunningham R, Dew K, McCreanor T, Kawachi I. Survival disparities in Indigenous and non-Indigenous New Zealanders with colon cancer: the role of patient comorbidity, treatment and health service factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010; 64:117-23. PubMed
  • Suzuki E, Fujiwara T, Takao S, Subramanian SV, Yamamoto E, Kawachi I. Multi-level, cross-sectional study of workplace social capital and smoking among Japanese employees. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:489. PubMed
  • Chapman B, Fiscella K, Duberstein P, Kawachi I. Education and smoking: confounding or effect modification by phenotypic personality traits? Ann Behav Med 2009; 38:237-48. PubMed
  • Osypuk TL,Subramanian SV,Kawachi I,Acevedo-Garcia D. Is Workplace Smoking Policy Equally Prevalent and Equally Effective for Immigrants? J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63:784-91. PubMed
  • Datta GD,Neville BA,Kawachi I,Datta NS,Earle CC. Marital Status and Survival Following Bladder Cancer. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63:807-13. PubMed
  • Kondo N, Sembajwe G, Kawachi I, van Dam RM, Subramanian SV, Yamagata Z. Income inequality, mortality, and self rated health: meta-analysis of multilevel studies. BMJ 2009; 339:b4471. PubMed
  • Glymour MM,Defries TB,Kawachi I,Avendano M. Spousal smoking and incidence of first stroke: the Health and Retirement Study. Am J Prev Med 2008; 35:245-8. PubMed
  • Gilman SE, Martin LT, Abrams DB, Kawachi I, Kubzansky L, Loucks EB, Rende R, Rudd R, Buka SL. Educational attainment and cigarette smoking: a causal association? Int J Epidemiol 2008; 37:615-24. PubMed
  • Ackerson LK, Kawachi I, Barbeau EM, Subramanian SV. Effects of individual and proximate educational context on intimate partner violence: a population-based study of women in India. Am J Public Health 2008; 98:507-14. PubMed
  • Cho HJ, Khang YH, Jun HJ, Kawachi I. Marital status and smoking in Korea: the influence of gender and age. Soc Sci Med 2008; 66:609-19. PubMed
  • Lemeshow AR, Fisher L, Goodman E, Kawachi I, Berkey CS, Colditz GA. Subjective social status in the school and change in adiposity in female adolescents: findings from a prospective cohort study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162:23-8. PubMed
  • Ackerson LK, Kawachi I, Barbeau EM, Subramanian SV. Exposure to domestic violence associated with adult smoking in India: a population based study. Tobacco Control 2007; 16:378-83. PubMed
  • Wolin KY, Glynn RJ, Colditz GA, Lee IM, Kawachi I. Long-term physical activity patterns and health-related quality of life in u.s. Women. Am J Prev Med 2007; 32:490-9. PubMed
  • Subramanian SV, Kawachi I. Commentary: Chasing the elusive null--the story of income inequality and health. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36:596-9. PubMed
  • Kim D, Kawachi I. U.S. state-level social capital and health-related quality of life: multilevel evidence of main, mediating, and modifying effects. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17:258-69. PubMed
  • Hill SE, Blakely T, Kawachi I, Woodward A. Mortality among lifelong nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home: cohort data and sensitivity analyses. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165:530-40. PubMed
  • Melchior M, Berkman LF, Kawachi I, Krieger N, Zins M, Bonenfant S, Goldberg M. Lifelong socioeconomic trajectory and premature mortality (35-65 years) in France: findings from the GAZEL Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60:937-44. PubMed
  • Osypuk TL, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Acevedo-Garcia D. Are state patterns of smoking different for different racial/ethnic groups? an application of multilevel analysis. Public Health Rep 2006; 121:563-77. PubMed
  • Datta GD, Subramanian SV, Colditz GA, Kawachi I, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Individual, neighborhood, and state-level predictors of smoking among US Black women: A multilevel analysis. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63:1034-44. PubMed
  • Tindle HA, Rigotti NA, Davis RB, Barbeau EM, Kawachi I, Shiffman S. Cessation among smokers of "light" cigarettes: results from the 2000 national health interview survey. Am J Public Health 2006; 96:1498-504. PubMed
  • Kroenke CH, Kubzansky LD, Schernhammer ES, Holmes MD, Kawachi I. Social networks, social support, and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:1105-11. PubMed
  • Duncan DT, Kawachi I, Melly SJ, Blossom J, Sorensen G, Williams DR. Demographic disparities in the tobacco retail environment in Boston: a citywide spatial analysis. Public Health Rep ; 129:209-15. PubMed
  • Choi JY, Yeob KE, Hong SH, Kim SY, Jeong EH, Shin DW, Park JH, Kang GW, Kim HS, Park JH, Kawachi I. Disparities in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival Rate of Cervical Cancer among Women with and without Disabilities. Cancer Control ; 28:10732748211055268. PubMed
  • Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Poole EM, Sood AK, Okereke OI, Kawachi I, Kubzansky LD, Tworoger SS. Social Integration, Marital Status, and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A 20-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Psychosom Med ; 81:833-840. PubMed
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